Capacitor Engineering Bulletins
    Engineering Bulletins addressing specific subjects related to capacitor characterisitics or applications

1. Capacitors - ESR Characterization
   An overview of ESR and how it affects the life and operation of a pulsing capacitor
    
2. Capacitors - Polarization and Leakage Currents
   An overview of the mechanisms and impact of polarization and leakage currents in film capacitors
    
3. Capacitors - Comparison of Metallized Electrode vs Discreet Foil Capacitors
   Compares the operation, pros and cons of metallized electrode vs discreet foil capacitors for pulsed power applications
    
4. The Effect of Reversal on Capacitor Life
   Reversal is a critical parameter in the selection or design of DC and energy discharge capacitors
    
5. High Energy Capacitors
   Overview of large energy storage pulse discharge capacitor capability and technology and the resulting applications

Capacitor Conference Proceedings/Research Publications
    Conference proceedings/research publications presenting the status or summary of a specific research     project related to capacitor development or performance 

1. Recent Advances in High Voltage, High Energy Capacitor Technology
   On-going research in film capacitor technology and dielectric materials has resulted in increased energy density, longer life, lower temperature operation, faster discharge and higher reliability.
    
2. Large High Energy Density Pulse Discharge Capacitor Characterization
   The performance issues of limited life pulsed discharge capacitors operating at better than 2 J/cc (2MJ/m3) in the 5kV to 20kV range
    
3. High Energy Density Capacitor Characterization
   How film capacitors with energy densities greater than 1 J/cc and suitable for millisecond discharge applications requiring limited life are characterized
    
4. Repetitive Pulse Application of Self-Healing High Voltage Capacitors
   Use of self-healing capacitors for repetitive pulse power systems using today's technology and future performance improvements
    
5. Modeling Energy Storage Capacitors or When A Capacitor Is Not A Capacitor
   Methods used to model energy storage capacitors for predicting performance in large pulsed power systems
    
6. High Voltage Capacitors Designed to Avoid Catastrophic Failure Modes
   Discussion of capacitor failure modes, capacitor designs and a solution to catastrophic high voltage capacitor failures
    
7. Performance and Safety of Large Energy Discharge Capacitors
   Discussion of large capacitors under normal, fault and failure conditions and the safe operation of large capacitors
    
8. Progress in the Reduction of Inductance in the Standard 100 kV Energy Storage Capacitor
   The inductance of existing designs is compared with new prototype configurations with a goal of reducing inductance up to 50%
    
9. Recent Developments in Pulse Power Capacitors
   Examples of pulse power capacitors with several styles of packaging and a variety of dielectric/electrode systems
    
10. Capacitor Technology for Combat Hybrid Power Systems (CHPS)
    The National Research Council's Committee on the Assessment of Combat Hybrid Power Systems evaluated and addressed capacitors as one of the emerging technologies required for further development of hybrid power systems for advanced combat systems. Chapter 6 describes the types of capacitors most relevant to CHPS and was co-authored by GA-ESI, Fred MacDougall. 
         
11. Design Optimization Of Linear Transformer Driver (LTD) Stage Cell Capacitors
    The characterization and analysis of Linear Transformer Driver (LTD) cell capacitors in pulsed power generators using both an analytical equivalent circuit model and a SPICE simulation mode
     
12. ZR Marx Capacitor Life Test And Production Statistics
    Reviews the life data and compares the Weibull distribution of P/N 32896 with a distribution derived from combining the life data from two similar designs.
     
13. ZR Marx Capacitor Vendor Evaluation Results and Procurement Strategy
    A summary of how the Scyllac-style 2.6 uF, 30 nH, 100 kV, 35% voltage reversal capacitor lifetime specifications were determined, the test results of the most successful candidates, and the procurement strategy by Sandia National Laboratories
     
14. ZR Marx Capacitor Lifetime Test Results
    A summary of the results of lifetime testing of General Atomics 2.65 uF, 100 kV, 30 nH, 35% voltage reversal capacitors being used in the Z machine at Sandia National Laboratories
     
15. Development of Low Inductance High Power Plastic Case Capacitors For The SNS
    Polyphase Resonant Converter-Modulator
    The converter-modulator system requires seven unique, low inductance plastic case capacitors with applications ranging from 2 to 120kV, with voltage and current reversals up to 100%
     
16. 100 kV Capacitor Development for Fast Marx Generators
    Two 1.35 µF, 100 kV, 2.6x24x38” plastic case capacitors with rail terminals along each end resulted in Marx stage inductance < 100nH
     
17. Energy Density of Film Capacitors for ETC Gun Applications
    Review of the basic properties of wound film capacitors & projections of PVdF capacitors using today’s manufacturing techniques
     
18. High Energy, Low Inductance, High Current Fiberglass Energy Storage Capacitor
    For The Atlas Machine Marx Modules
    34.1 µF, 60 kV, 650kA, 13 x 29 x27" double ended plastic case energy storage capacitor with an inductance of ~22nH
      
19. Self-Healing Pulse Capacitors for the National Ignition Facility (NIF)
    83.5 kJ, 24 kV capacitor designs with lifetimes > 20,000 shots and energy densities as high as 0.84 J/cc

 Power Supply Engineering Bulletins
    Engineering Bulletins addressing specific subjects related to power supply characterisitics or applications

1. Using Switching Power Supplies with Diode Isolated Capacitor Banks
   Charging multiple capacitor banks with one or more power supplies and isolating with diodes to allow the banks to fire at different times

Power Supply Conference Proceedings/Research Publications
    Conference proceedings/research publications presenting the status or summary of a specific research     project related to power supply development or performance

1. Custom Design of Components and Power Supplies for Pulsed Power Systems
   Various custom design criteria for energy storage capacitors, energy-absorbing resistors, high current fuses, and capacitor charging power supplies are described
    
2. Interfacing Pulsed Power Systems to Switching Power Supplies
   Simple protection networks can be used to avoid damage to power supplies in normal operation and in fault situations
     
3. Precision Capacitor Charging Switching Power Supplies
   Power supply and pulsed power interaction at repetition rates in the kilohertz range with precision charge voltage control
    
4. Practical Design and Control of a ZVS 3-Level DC-DC Converter with Minimum Circulating Current
   Zero-voltage-switching (ZVS) converter is designed with ZVS soft-switching techniques to achieve high efficiency
    
5. A Three-Level DC-DC Converter with Wide-Input Voltage Operations for Ship-Electric-Power-Distribution Systems
   Newly developed converter with zero-voltage-switching (ZVS) techniques achieved ~95% efficiency over wide 7kW load conditions